Project Work of Computer

 Project Work

Of

Computer

1.                    Define Operator. List its types with examples.

Þ     Operators are symbols, which are used for mathematical calculations, logical and string operations.  Its   types with examples are as follow:

·         Arithmetic operators:

E.g.: +, -, *, /, \, ^ and MOD.

Use: PRINT 4+5

·         Relational operators:

E.g.: =, <>, <, >, <= and >=

Use: PRINT 6>=5

·         Logical operators:

E.g.: AND, OR and NOT

Use: PRINT 6>5 OR 5>6

·         String operators:

E.g.: +

Use: PRINT A$ + B$

2.            Define Operand. Explain with example.

Þ     Operands may be constant values or variables on which mathematical and logical operations take place.  For example: In the following expression,

S = 4 / 2

/ is operator, and

4 and 2 are operands.

3.         Define Expression. List its types with examples.

Þ     An expression can be a string or numeric constant, a variable or a combination of constants and variables with operators.  Its types with examples are as follows:

·         Arithmetic expression

E.g.:

PRINT 7 * 6 + 5

Z = (X^2) + (Y^3)

·         Logical expression

E.g.:

PRINT 5>6

PRINT 3<4

·         String expression

E.g.:

PRINT A$ + B$

PRINT Kathmandu $ + Nepal$ 

4.      What is Arithmetic Operator? Explain with examples.

Þ     Arithmetic or mathematical operators are symbols, which are used for mathematical operators which assign the result of an arithmetic expression to a variable or displays on the monitor. For example: +, -, *, /, \, ^ and MOD.

5.      Discuss about Operator Precedence.

Þ     In the presence of more than one operator in QBASIC, QBASIC follows a certain order for performing the operations. The order in which the QBASIC performs the operation is known as operator precedence or hierarchy of operations.

The operator precedence in QBASIC is:

·         ()

·         ^

·         - (negative)

·         * /

·         \

·         MOD

·         +,-

·         =

·         <> 

·         < 

·         <=

·         > 

·         >=

·         NOT

·         AND

·         OR

6.      What is Logical Operator? Explain with examples.

Þ      Logical operators are symbols, which are used to combine two or more logical or relational expressions and returns a single ‘true’ or ‘false’ value. For example: AND, OR and NOT.

7.      What is Relational Operator? Explain with examples.

Þ     Relational operators are symbols, which are used in relational or logical expressions. For example: =, <>, <, >, <= and >=.

8.      Show the truth table of AND, OR and NOT operator.

Þ     The truth table are as follows:

·         For AND operator:

Condition	Operator   (AND)	Condition	Result
True (-1)	AND	True (-1)	True (-1)
True (-1)	AND	False (0)	False (0)
False (0)	AND	True (-1)	False (0)
False (0)	AND	False (0)	False (0)

·         For Or operator:

Condition	Operator (OR)	Condition	Result
True (-1)	OR	True (-1)	True (-1)
True (-1)	OR	False (0)	True (-1)
False (0)	OR	True (-1)	True (-1)
False (0)	OR	False (0)	False (0)

·         For NOT operator:

Condition	Result
True (-1)	False (0)
False (0)	True (-1)

9.      What is String Operator? Explain with examples.

Þ     String operator is a symbol like + (plus), which is used to combine two or more strings. For example: +

10.  Write any ten possible conditions or Boolean expressions that exist between A and B, where A=12 and B=13.

Þ     Any ten possible conditions or Boolean expressions that exist between A and B, where A= 12 and B=13 are as follows:

·         A=B

·         A<>B

·         A<B

·         A>B

·         A<=B

·         A>=B

·         A>B OR B>A

·         A<B OR B<A

·         NOT A<B

·         NOT B<A

11.  Define numeric data and string data. Give examples also.

Þ     Definitions:

·         Numeric data:

 All the positive and negative numbers are known as numeric data. For example:  12, 28, 189, -45, -168, etc.

·         String data:

A text value that consists of alphabets, numbers and other special symbols are known as string data. For example:  “Kathmandu”, “Nepal”, etc.

12.  What is constant? List its type with examples.

Þ     Constants are values, which are remained fixed during the execution of a program.  Its types with examples are as follows:

·         Numeric constant

E.g.: 500, 1200, etc.

·         String constant

E.g.: “Kathmandu”, “My name is Sarika Shrestha”, etc.

  

13.  Define string and numeric constant with examples.

Þ     Definitions:

·         String constant:

A text value that consists of alphabets, digits, symbols and other special characters is known as string constant. For example: “PSY”, “CHABAHIL, 7”, etc.

·         Numeric constant:

All numeric values or data i.e. all the positive, negative and decimal numbers are known as numeric constant. For example: 500, 2.8, -92, etc.

14.  What is variable? List its type with examples.

Þ     An identifier or reference or name for the memory address that holds data and changes its value during the execution of a program which is written with the combination of letters, numbers and special characters with certain rules is known as variable. Its types with examples are as follows:

·         Numeric variable

E.g.: N, N&, N%, N#, etc.

·         String variable

E.g.: “Roll$”, “Kathmandu$”, etc.

15.  Define string and numeric variable with examples.

Þ     Definitions:

·         Numeric variable:

A name or reference, which stores a positive or negative number, is known as numeric variable. For example:  A1, N, B#, etc.

·         String variable: 

A name or reference or memory location, which stores alphanumeric characters, is known as string variable. For example: “Kathmandu”, “Saurav”, etc.

16.  Write the characteristics of variable.

Þ     The characteristics of variables are as follows:

·         Each variable has a name. 

·       Each variable has a type.

·        Each variable has a value that we specify. 

17.  List rules for naming variable.

Þ     The rules for naming a variables are as follows:

·         A variable name must start with an alphabet (A to Z or a to z).  “A10” is a valid variable name.

·         A variable name may have 1 to 40 characters in length.

·         A variable name should not contain a blank space or special characters other than letters, numbers, periods (.) and data type declaration symbols ( %, &, !, # and $).  “A 10” is an invalid variable name because of its space.

·         A variable name must not start with “FN”, because it is a reserved for the user-defined function.”FNnum” is an invalid variable name.

·         Other reserved words or keywords of QBASIC are not allowed to use as a variable name. For example, “LET” is an invalid variable name because “LET” is a reserved word of QBASIC.

18.  What are the types of numeric variable? Explain with example.

Þ     The types of numeric variable are as follows:

·         Integers-

Positive or negative whole numbers are known as integers. The legal range of integer data type is from -32,768 to 32,767. QBASIC stores each integer’s value with two bytes of memory. The “%” symbol is used to indicate integers. For example: NUM%, R1%, etc.

·         Long integers-

A long range of whole numbers is known as long integers. The legal range of long integer data type is from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. QBASIC needs four bytes memory to store each long integer number. The “&” symbol is used to indicate long integer. For example: NUM&, P&, etc.

·         Single precision-

Single precision stores the number with accuracy up to 7 digits. Single precision numbers can be written in different ways. The most common way to write the number is number with a decimal point. QBASIC needs four bytes memory to store each single precision data. The “!” symbol is used to indicate single precision data. For example: NUM! , P!, etc.

·         Double precision-

Double precision is a numeric data that supports a long range of values with rational parts. Qbasic needs 8 bytes memory to store each double precision. Double precision stores the number with accuracy up to 15 digits. The “#” symbol is used to indicate double precision data. For example: NUM#, P#, etc.

19.  Define implicit and explicit declaration of variable with example.

Þ     Definitions:

·         Implicit declaration:

Declaration of variable at the place of assigning a value to the variable is called implicit declaration. It can be done by using suffix symbols (%, &,!, #, $). For example: LET N$ =”Nepal”: where $is declares as string variable to store string Nepal.

·         Explicit declaration:

Declaration of variable before you use it or before assigning data to the variable in the program is known as explicit declaration. For example: DIM N%, P$: where N% is declared as an integer and P$ is declared as a string variable explicitly.

20.  Write short notes on Qbasic.

Þ     QBASIC stands for Quick Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is a high-level language which is simple to learn and use, developed by Microsoft Corporation. It was released with MS-DOS 5.0 operating system. It contains two files: QBASIC>EXE and QBASIC.HLP. Since then, nearly every PC user owns their own copy of QBASIC, making it a widely known language. QBASIC can be used for scientific as well as commercial applications.

Submitted to,

Deepak sir

Mother's day

Mother

"Mother", it's a small word with six letters but this word counts a lot in everyone's life. A mother is a women who give us birth and show this wonderful world. She is the one who helps us in every step of our life. She inspires us in every problem. She is the one who stands beside us in every difficulties and supports us. Though we don't know, mothers always stand by our side to catch us when we tend to fall down. She always shows us the right path in our life. Every mother takes good care of her child. She always fulfills every demands of her child and she loves them with all her heart. People are very much greedy today, even friends don't help each others but mother is someone who always is with her child. Mother is the one who teaches us great moral norms and values that we hold for the rest of our life. She is our first teacher.

Nobody can define mother and no one has right to define her too because she is perfect in everything. She is world for every child. She has taught us to be people's person. She has taught us to use our lips for kindness, our vision for passion, our ears for charity and our heart for love. She has made us strong, reliable, humble, helpful and independent person to fight against this cruel world. She has taught us the values of oneness, unity and support. She is our role model. She always works for the betterment of her child without caring about the society, culture and tradition.

Life would be dull without our dear one's, so to make our dull life happy, god created mother. So it is said that "Mothers are god gifted". They are very important in every child's life. She is the one who always takes care of her children. She is the one who always worries about her child when they don't arrive at home on time. She is the one who always look after us when we are sick. Mother does not scold her children as she thinks that if she scolds them they will be angry upon her and they will be hurt. She takes care about everything. In the age of childhood, she teach us to walk, talk and be happy; in the age of teenagers she will try to understand our feelings, emotions and try to solve them; in adult age she thinks that she could do more and more for her child. So, for a mother her child means a lot. But we should also try to respect her feelings. Mothers are very important and essential person in our life. She is the essence of our life.

Nobody is there to define how much a mother is important in everyone's life. She always does our every work i.e. cooking, washing dishes and clothes, etc. without feeling any difficulties. Whenever we lose hope or feel unconscious in our life she always gives us hope and confidence. She always worries and takes care of our little things. Mothers feel proud when they get to know the success of their child and she is the one because of whom their child has reached to the path of success. So, to get success mothers are important.

To honour the sacrifices of our mother, Mother's day is celebrated. Mother's day is very important for every child. Mother's day is celebrated all over the world.  In this day, mothers are worshipped and offered with varieties of sweets and delicious food. They are also given many gifts and many children promise to make their mother happy every day, every minute, and every second in his/her life. Children also promise to leave every bad habit for their mom and say that they will never let their mom cry. She is thanked for everything she did in their life. Every child wants to see their mother smiling. So, this day is especially celebrated to make mother happy.

The best way to make mother's day especial is to do everything that pleases mom. Every child wants to create their own ideas to make mother's day special so they work a lot in this day either by baking cakes by their own or by buying verities of things. Mother's day is equally important to both mother and children as it comes once a year. But it's not good to celebrate mother's day once a year because mothers are very soft-hearted and they should be respected and made happy every day. One day love is just waste because she has stayed with us from the birth to the death so why not loving her every day.

Poem dedicated to my dear mom

You're a source of dependable source of comfort

You're my cushion when i fall.

You help in times of trouble;

You support me when I call.

I love you more then you know;

You have my total respect.

If I had my choice of mothers,

You'd be the one I'd select!!

I love you my dear mom!!! <3 <3

To listen to a song about how mothers are especial on their own way click-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ne58KNWVbxU

Tour To Kakani

Just Arrived at School

Friday, 2069/08/29 (14th December 2012), we (class 8 students) visited Kakani as educational tour for 1 night 2 days. Kakani is one of the most attractive areas. Kakani is 29km north-west from Kathmandu. 

Taking Pic with Binu Ma’am

It is 2000 km high from the sea level. It is very beautiful place all covered by jungle. We went there by our school bus. It took exact 5 hour to reach our destination. Many wild animals like bear, unknown medicinal herbs, and unknown birds were in the jungle. From Kakani the view of Kathmandu can be seen very interesting. From Kakani we can see many mountains i.e. Mt. Lakpa Dorje, Mt. Annapurna, Mt. Ganesh, Mt. Dhaulagiri and Mt. Macchapuchhre. 

Beautiful view from Kakani

When we reached Kakani we were too much tired but we were very interested to know the facts found there. The most beautiful view seen from there was of the mountains and of the jungle. Explaining about the people living there is not sufficient in words. They were so much helpful and they respect the people coming there to visit as gods. 

At the temple

People’s main occupation there was farming. The surrounding of Kakani was peace, proper and beautiful. We visited 1 temple in Kakani from where many picnic spot were seen. The place where we stayed was scout camp were all the works were done by ourselves. We needed to wash the dishes and maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding by ourselves. 

Place Where We Stayed

In Kakani, we knew the place where the plane was crashed. The aeroplane was crashed in Ghopte bhir. It was very painful moment for the local people living there because they saw it with their eyes. We talked with local people about the plane crash too. They were very sad explanning about it but happy too because we talked with them under this topic. 

The Next Morning 

Next morning, we cleaned the surrounding of Kakani. We picked up all the non-decomposable matters i.e. paper, plastic, metal, etc. All the people were very happy seeing our work. To keep the forest clean most importantly many rules have to be made. We suggested people to make jungle clean, green and beautiful.  We observed many places of Kakani and they were very clean, even all the people who came to rest and enjoy there also maintained the surrounding clean. 

Sir under the solar :P

People visit there frequently for relaxation and to enjoy their holidays. The climatic condition is too much cold. The soil found there is very fertile. The crops grown there is tea, apple, potato etc. Many houses there use the facility of solar. From the solar energy people produce electricity. So, due to solar energy people do not face the problem of loadshedding. 

Camp Fire

People use brigade to born papers, dry leaves and plastics and when it is completely burnt it changes into coal instead of changing into ashes which stops the surrounding from being polluted. So, it is very important for maintaining the environment. 

Five friends

Kakani is very nice place to visit because of its natural beauty. Road is also well maintained for walking. Many attractive things are seen from the top of the Kakani. We enjoyed our excursion to Kakani and learned many things there. I like to heartily thank all of our teachers who took us there.

Girls Group

Boys Group

My Experience:

Talking about my excursion to Kakani, it’s undefinable. This excursion cherished my heart with different joys and happiness. This was my experience of going out without my parents which was unforgettable. This tour will always be remembered in my mind because this time I gathered a lot of experience with my friends and teachers. I also got change to mix with my teachers and know about their good times. 

Our teachers organized camp fire in the scout came where our principal sir sang different songs, played guitar and danced too. I enjoyed a lot seeing all of my friends and teachers happy. I missed my home a lot but because of the happy environment I felt glad to take part in such activity. Staying 1 night out was very difficult for me because I had never stayed out without my parents but instead of sadness and fear a kind of happiness arose in me which brought a smile on my face. I have captured a lot of memories of this excursion which enchant my heart with pleasure. This was the best educational tour upto today.

Dashain Homework of Computer

Jason Mraz

Jason Thomas Mraz is an American singer plus a songwriter who was born on June 23, 1977. Mraz became renown first on the San Diego coffee house scene in 2000. At one of these coffee houses, Mraz met percussionist Toca Rivera and released Live at Java Joe's. He released his debut album, "Waiting for my Rocket to Come". which contained the hit single "The Remedy(I Won't Worry)", in 2002 but it was not until the release of his second album, Mr. A-Z, in 2005, that Mraz achieved major commercial success. The album peaked at number 5 on the Billboard 200 and sold over 100,000 copies in the US. In 2008, he released his third studio album, We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things. The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and was a commercial success worldwide, peaking in the top ten of many international charts.

Jason Mraz was born and raised in Mechanicsville, Virginia. He is of Czech descent through his grandfather, who moved to the United States from Austria-Hungary in 1915. His surname is Czech for “frost”. His parents, Tom Mraz and June, divorced when he was four years old, but he asserts that he had an idyllic childhood, saying, “My hometown of Mechanicsville was very American. There were white picket fences, a church on every street corner, low crime and virtually no drug use. It was a good place to grow up.” He went to Lee-Davis High School.

Mraz was engaged to singer/songwriter and long-time close friend Tristan Pretty man. On June 7, 2011, Mraz said in an interview with the Daily Beast that he and Prettyman were no longer engaged. Mraz lives a health-conscious lifestyle and enjoys eating mostly raw vegan foods. He owns an avocado farm in Bonsall in Northern San Diego County. Mraz is an active supporter of several charities including VH1's Save the Music Foundation, MusiCares, Free the Children, Life Rolls On, SPARC and the Human Rights Campaign. He has been named the 2010 SIMA Humanitarian of the Year. He also received the Clean Water Award in 2010 from the Surfrider Foundation. The same year, he also teamed up with The Nature Conservancy.

Mraz's international breakthrough came with the release of the single “I’m Yours” from the album We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things.  The single peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Mraz his first top ten single. The song was on the Hot 100 for 76 weeks, beating the previous record of 69 weeks held by LeAnn Rimes’ “How Do I Live”. The song was a commercial success in the US, receiving a 5x platinum certification from the RIAA for sales of over five million. The song was successful internationally, topping the charts in New Zealand and Norway and peaking in the top ten of multiple international charts. 

LOVE is a four letter word

His latest album “Love is A Four Letter Word” is out now and is liked by a lot of people. “I Won’t Give Up” was released as the album’s first single on January 3, 2012. The songs present in the album are remarkable. They are short, sweet and soothing. The Freedom Song, 93 Million Miles, Everything Is Sound, etc. are some of the hit songs in the album. The lyrics in the song are heart touching and relaxing to listen. His personal website is http://www.jasonmraz.com 

Super hit song:"I'm yours" lyrics

Well you done done me 

& you bet I felt it
I tried to be chill 

but you're so hot that i melted 

I fell right through the cracks,

now I'm trying to get back.....

Before the cool dawn run out 

I'll be giving it my bestest

And nothings going to stop me

But divine intervention

I wrecken its again my turn,

To win some or learn some....
But  I wont hesitate, no more no more

It can not wait I'm Yours................................

Submitted to,

Deepak sir

surprise birthday party!!

 SURPRISE BIRTHDAY PARTY!!


Yesterday, I with my family, celebrated my birthday party. My whole day was going little boaring. This time my friends also didn't wish me.. :( In the morning i visited many temples like Swayambhunath, Bijayashowari, Maitidevi, Mankal, Sankata, Badhrakali, Bageshwori, Sano Stupa, Sworsatitemple, Banglamukhi and Ganeshsthan. Than I returned back to my home, nothing especial was there. And i went to my brother's house he and my dear bhauju(sister-in-law) wished me my birthday. I became very happy and spent time with them..Slowly slowly day was passing by. I went to my dear besty Shraddha sister's house. She is very nice. She provided me many things and made me happy. I enjoyed alot there.

Happy Birthday to me!!:)

 Then I returned back to my home. Their my uncle and aunty were leading out to their job. I became really very upset. But all the members tried to make me smile. Then in about an hour uncle and aunty returned back to home. I was just in the top floor with my sisters when my uncle n aunty reached home. They didn't allow me to get down from the top floor. It was really very strange at the beginning but as the day was boaring I didn't think anything in my mind. 

I love my family members alot!!;)

  At night, I went down along with my sisters. The lights were off. It was all dark and silent down there. I opened the door of my room.It was really very strange but when I opened the door suddenly popping of balloons, singing b'day carols, a big vanilla heart shaped cake in the table, lighting the candles started. I was shocked seeing that.I didn't even think, it was going to happen. Slowly my face become happy,eyes full of tears but the most strange thing was that i didn't even cry though my eyes were full of tears.We danced, sang song and did many things yesterday night.

Many happy returns of the day to me!!

 Everyone seemed very happy, enjoying my birthday party. My uncle and aunty planned all the stuff. They did alot for me in this birthday just to see a smile in my face. I think i'm really blessed from god to have such sweet and dear uncle and aunty in my life. I knew I was really very sad because this time my friends didn't wish me well but because of my uncle and aunty this birthday was very very very especial .

                                                                       All thanks to dear uncle and aunty. Love them alot♥♥♥